儿童急性淋巴细胞白血病患者接种流感疫苗的有效性和安全性系统评价

目的通过检索已出版的文献,回顾有关儿童急性淋巴细胞白血病(ALL)患者接种流感疫苗有效性和安全性,探索最优的接种策略,为临床提供参考。方法按照PICOS原则制定研究主题的检索策略,检索Pub Med、Em Base等英文文献数据库,由两位研究者独立使用PRISMA流程图筛选符合标准的文献,提取研究数据并进行评价。结果共检索到文献186篇,经筛选获有效文献29篇。评价研究文献显示,多数ALL患儿接种灭活流感疫苗可产生中等强度的免疫应答,各亚型/系的血清抗体保护率可分别达到33%~85%(A/HIN1)、38%~92%(A/H3N2)、14%~92%(B)及37%~88%(pH1N1);血清阳转率可分别达到0%~65%(A/HIN1)、20%~85%(A/H3N2)、0%~92%(B)及11%~81%(pH1N1),低于健康儿童或实体肿瘤患儿。疫苗预防实验室确诊的流感或流感样病例的临床使用有效性的研究有限,研究结果有争议。接种时有较高的基线淋巴细胞计数、Ig G水平、结束化疗或低化疗强度阶段、高年龄段患儿以及给予加强剂次可能会有较强的免疫应答;减活流感疫苗、高剂量流感疫苗、含佐剂流感疫苗均不能改善ALL患儿的免疫应答。疫苗在各治疗阶段接种均有较好的耐受性,不良反应轻微。结论 ALL患儿接种流感疫苗安全性好,可产生中等强度的血清学保护作用,建议维持治疗阶段接种标准剂量灭活流感疫苗;疫苗的临床有效性还有待设计良好的临床试验验证。     

儿童睡眠障碍性疾病的研究进展

儿童睡眠是一个重要且动态的过程,影响着健康和发展的许多方面,目前由于电子设备的长时间使用、家庭关系的不和谐、看护人不良的睡眠习惯、哮喘病史、精神病史等多种因素导致儿童睡眠时间日益缩短,儿童面临发作性睡病、异态睡眠、周期性肢体运动障碍、不宁腿综合征等睡眠障碍问题。同时,睡眠质量与各个系统的疾病具有循环关系,故临床上应当重视儿童睡眠障碍的治疗与研究。     

Nutritional Surveillance for the Best Start in Life,Promoting Health for Neonates,Infants and Children

This Special Issue aims to examine the crucial role of nutritional status starting from pregnancy in modulating fetal, neonatal and infant growth and metabolic pathways, with potential long-term impacts on adult health. Poor maternal nutritional conditions in the earliest stages of life during fetal development and early life may induce both short-term and longer lasting effects; in particular, an increased risk of noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) and other chronic diseases such as obesity, which itself is a major risk factor for NCDs, is observed over the lifespan. Poor maternal nutrition affects the fetal developmental schedule, leading to irreversible changes and slowdown in growth. The fetus limits its size to conserve the little energy available for cardiac functions and neuronal development. The organism will retain memory of the early insult, and the adaptive response will result in pathology later on. Epigenetics may contribute to disease manifestation affecting developmental programming. After birth, even though there is a limited evidence base suggesting a relationship between breastfeeding, timing and type of foods used in weaning with disease later in life, nutritional surveillance is also mandatory in infants in the first year of life. We will explore the latest findings on nutrition in early life and term and preterm babies, as well as the role of malnutrition in the short- and long-term impact over the lifespan. Focusing on nutritional interventions represents part of an integrated life-cycle approach to prevent communicable and non-communicable diseases.     

NT-pro BNP在手足口病患儿中的表达及临床意义

目的　探讨氨基末端脑钠肽前体（N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide, NT-pro BNP）在手足口病（hand-foot-mouth disease, HFMD）患儿血清中的表达及其临床意义。方法　收集2013年1月—2017年8月在鄂州市中心医院、鄂州市第二医院及广西中医药大学第一附属医院诊治的185例HFMD患儿的临床资料，185例中重症HFMD患儿110例，普通HFMD患儿75例；采用多因素Logistic回归分析重症HFMD患儿的相关危险因素及死亡危险因素。分析血清NT-pro BNP在重症HFMD患儿中的表达情况。采用Pearson相关分析分析血清NT-pro BNP与小儿危重病例评分的相关性。结果　死亡重症HFMD患儿血清NT-pro BNP均值为（4846.50±314.61）ng/L，表达水平明显高于非死亡重症HFMD患儿的[（1468.07±454.58）ng/L]；多因素Logistic回归分析结果表明NT-pro BNP是重症HFMD及死亡的危险因素（P均＜0.05）；Pearson相关分析结果显示血清NT-pro BNP表达水平与小儿危重病例评分呈负相关（r=-0.771，P=0.000）。结论　血清NT-pro BNP可以作为一个有效生物标志物，对评估重症HFMD患儿的预后具有良好的参考价值。     

盐酸氨溴索治疗小儿支气管肺炎的临床分析

目的分析研究盐酸氨溴索用于小儿支气管肺炎的临床效果。方法将本院2017年12月—2018年12月期间收治的小儿支气管肺炎患儿88例按照随机双盲法均分为对照组和治疗组,予以对照组44例患儿常规治疗,予以治疗组44例患儿常规治疗联合氧气驱动雾化吸入盐酸氨溴索治疗,对两组患儿的临床疗效和临床症状缓解时间进行对比。结果与对照组相比,治疗组患儿咳嗽、咳痰、胸片改善时间及肺部干湿啰音缓解时间均显著短于对照组,组间差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05),治疗组的临床总有效率为95.45%(42/44),明显高于对照组77.27%(34/44),组间差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论小儿支气管肺炎在临床常规治疗的基础上加用盐酸氨溴索治疗有助于患儿临床症状的缓解,效果明显。     

Prevention and control strategies in the diagnosis and treatment of solid tumors in children during the COVID-19 pandemic

Abstract

Since the emergence of patients with COVID-19 in December 2019, the virus has rapidly spread worldwide. Children with malignant tumors are more prone to be infected and develop severe infections. Prevention and control of the pandemic and ensuring the progress of the cancer diagnosis and treatment is a significant problem in the current scenario. This article proposes a scientific management system for patients with solid tumors to guarantee emergency surgery, rationally arrange limited-term surgery, appropriately defer elective surgery, and guarantee regular chemotherapy, while protecting children from SARS-CoV-2 infection and ensuring the continuity of comprehensive diagnosis and treatment.